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(3) Container

(1)PhysicalNICIPMI(2)PhysicalServerPXE(3)VirtualContainerKubernetes(4)VirtualVMOpenStack(1)PhysicalNIC

Interface​

The interface to operate this layer is Kubernetes. Kubernetes is a widely applied and state-of-the-art container orchestration platform. It enables modern DevOps principles and improves application delivery and maintenance significantly compared to traditional in system installations as in directly part of the OS. Those principles also include concepts like immutability and idempotence, which are fundamental and essential concepts for COTB.

Moreover, it provides solutions for many operational challenges as mentioned in the introduction. These include networking, scaling, scheduling and more.

COTB Implementation​

The actual OS bootstrapped via network is heavily customized by COTB. The customer specific settings are specified in the inventory. Moreover, this layer specifically enables the API for its upper layer, namely Kubernetes.

COTB provides containers for every provided OpenStack service. These containers strictly follow upstream releases. It is thus possible to apply vanilla configuration options without any indirection of COTB. Configuration options may include variables provided by COTB though.

As mentioned above they strictly follow the principles of immutability and idempotence. They are self healing and automatically discover their peers. Together, they provide the interface for the final layer above.

The images behind the OpenStack containers and every other involved images are strictly version pinned and reproducible.